Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Global Warming Essay Writing Instructions Essay Example

An Earth-wide temperature boost Essay: Writing Instructions Paper The theme should include Reese the three keynotes in the exposition title know, will, do: our insight into environmental change, our perspectives and qualities about environmental change, and our activities because of environmental change. The body of the article should concentrate on how information, mentalities and qualities, and activities are identified with one another as far as environmental change. For instance, you can think about various human networks/nations and their convictions and worth frameworks which may impact what they think about atmosphere hanged and what they are doing about it. Or then again you may adopt a strategy beginning with those nations/networks which are doing generally/least about a dangerous atmospheric devation and examining why as far as their degree of information or the principle esteems in the public eye. The paper isn't about the causes, procedures, results or cures of environmental change NAB. This course is Climate Change and Society with accentuation on society reaction The end ought to rehash your position on the announcement and sum up the principle contentions in the body. You ought to likewise quickly talk about the suggestions dependent on the contentions in the body of the exposition. Content (30%): task satisfaction; pertinence and extensiveness of data gave about point; rationale and support of contentions 2. Association (30%): attachment and rationality; in general structure; succession and introduction of thoughts 3. Language (30%): scholastic style and tone; exactness and scope of jargon; precision and propriety of syntactic structures 4. We will compose a custom article test on Global Warming Essay: Writing Instructions explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Global Warming Essay: Writing Instructions explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Global Warming Essay: Writing Instructions explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Contextual Factors Of Beauty And Fitness Centre - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine about the Contextual Factors Of Beauty And Fitness Center. Answer: Presentation Relevant Factors are those components which influence associations distinctively dependent on their attributes. Globalization has been changing the manner in which nations work together since numerous years. Australia joined the influx of globalization in 80s up to that point Australia was rehearsing mercantilism. Be that as it may, mercantilism offered ascend to joblessness and high swelling, it was then that Australia opened its entryways for worldwide organizations. This report will talk about effect of globalization on administration industry in Australia and how as a logical factor does globalization influence the business technique of a marvel and wellness business in Australia. As consciousness of advantages of keeping up a sound way of life is expanding, Beauty and wellbeing industry has gotten mainstream decision for speculation by business people. Wellness industry incorporates everything from exercise centers and spas to excellence salons and male grooming(Business Franchi se, 2014). Excellence and wellbeing Industry in Australia Health market of Australia has pulled in parcel of speculation as of late and has pulled in part of advancements. In 2014, IBISworld report expressed that in next five years Australian wellness industrys incomes are relied upon to reach $ 3.4 Billion which incorporates individual preparing and weight reduction services(Business Franchise, 2014). Wellness and excellence industry has likewise observed a flood in work, 25% expansion in health specialists and 25% expansion in magnificence advisors since 2011(Australian, 2017). Inward Organizational Factors Inward business condition includes factors which are inside the control of organization and which sway the technique it follows for success(Pestle Analysis, 2015). Following are some inner Factors and their consequences for business: All around Trained Staff: Labor in this industry is the significant determinant of cost. Work involves fitness coaches, educators, client assistance administrators and showcasing experts. Excellence and wellness organizations are intensely dependent on work which is the fundamental explanation of developing pattern of unstaffed exercise center. These rec centers work 24 hours and spares compensation too. All around prepared staff is key driver of a rec centers accomplishment as interest for fitness coach is additionally on a high(Fitness Australia, 2016). Mechanically Advanced Equipment: Its critical to keep the most recent preparing gear. In spite of the fact that advancement in this industry is constrained as activities like cardio and loads for the most part are finished by attempted and tried techniques. Developments are constrained to CrossFit gear as it were. Area: Areas wide open air spaces and charming climate see lower interest for exercise center offices then again increasingly business locales will in general utilize private wellness offices more. Consequently, wellness focuses are for the most part situated in metropolitan regions and rural shopping regions. So the area of Beauty and wellness focus assumes significant job in deciding its prosperity. Outer Organizational Factors Outer components are those which influence the working of an association and are not in charge of organisation(Root, 2018). Following are some outer elements which impact organizations: Clients: Baby Boomers have begun to resign now. This age will currently search for wellbeing and wellness administrations. Clinical experts are likewise alluding their patients to wellbeing and wellness focuses to treat and forestall incessant conditions. Government is additionally concentrating on forestalling wellbeing because of which there is expanded enthusiasm for work out regimes at working environment, network setting and school. Expanded weight in Australia has additionally assumed a significant job in advancement of wellness businesses(Whytcross, 2014). Political and financial condition: Economic lull of 2008-09 had influenced the business incomes. State government activities in schools, public venues and working environment are making mindfulness wellbeing and advantages of going to exercise center. Approach choices, for example, wellbeing store discounts and FBT charge exclusions for organizations that give financed wellness to representatives will help wellness focuses in getting more participation. Wellness industry in relatively less controlled the new Australian Consumer Law covers issues participations, making deluding correspondences and marinating purchasers classification. Rivalry: Online administrations weight the board locales and nourishment guides are presenting expanding rivalry to wellness clubs. Accessibility of excellence items from everywhere throughout the world on internet shopping entrances is empowering purchasers to perform magnificence medications at simplicity of their homes. As wellness industry generally serves the necessities of local people degree to which they face universal rivalry is constrained to global establishment. Mechanical progressions: A great deal of mechanical developments are occurring in the field of excellence and wellness like the groups which screen day by day calories consumption, food admission and rest designs, exercise DVDs and so forth. So as to keep up its client base wellness organizations should remain refreshed mechanically in light of the fact that individuals are presently increasingly intrigued by advantages and results they can get by spending less. Business Idea This excellence and wellness focus will offer administrations of an exercise center, yoga focus, magnificence and skin facility, thinning focus and ayurvedic knead focus under one rooftop. This inside will be first set up in Sydney and accordingly in different pieces of nation like Canberra, Perth, Brisbane and Melbourne. Globalization Globalization is coordination of monetary exercises because of expanded incorporation of human culture around the world(Mussa, 2003). Monetary globalization implies trade of merchandise and enterprises from over the outskirt, remote ventures, decrease in levies and unwinding in exchange obstructions and spread of information and innovation across topographical borders(Samimi Jenatabadi, 2014). Australia opened its business sectors for worldwide exchange center of 1980s and from that point forward it has seen extensive development in administration industry. Administration area in Australia offers the absolute most significant compensations and contributes up to half in GDP. Difficulties of globalization Serious Pricing: With nearness of universal wellness brands it will be hard for new companies to support without offering serious costs and rebate offers. There is a developing pattern of offering gigantic limits on rec center enrollments so as to draw in more clients. So as to keep up a serious edge over MNCs it is significant for new companies to fabricate their ability and market their items well. No Industry help: Beauty and Fitness Industry doesn't have any assurance or help from any sort of body. Albeit some neighborhood chamber additionally run wellness places yet they are likewise revenue driven elements. Rivalry: Since Australia is an open economy passage of universal brands in excellence and wellness industry is additionally an undeniable marvel. Global Competition particularly from Korean magnificence items and worldwide exercise center chains like Curves and Golds Gym represent a significant danger to new companies in this industry. They have the benefit of creative and propelled gear and globally prepared labor. Web: Online weight the board programs have risen and are offering rivalry to wellness clubs and accessibility of worldwide excellence items on online stores at reasonable costs has urged customers to have magnificence medications at home. Advantages of globalization Hollywood and excellence norms: Globalization has normalized how individuals admire magnificence and fitness(Johansson Andreasson, 2014). Hollywood and some other global customer culture have homogenized the manner in which individuals see magnificence and physical appearances(Jones, 2011). What's more, TV shows like The Biggest Loser have additionally contributed in developing mindfulness towards wellness. These patterns have additionally made another client fragment as guys are progressively getting cognizant about their appearances. Web-based social networking: More brands are currently utilizing web based life to focus on the web age and to create online leads. Nearness on Social media additionally assumes significant job in giving overall acknowledgment to a business. Increment in worldwide travel and the travel industry has likewise expanded portability of clients, which implies in the event that they distinguish a brand from web they will search for it and partner with it in different nations as well(Queensland Government, 2016). Establishment alternative with global brands: Many worldwide magnificence and wellness clubs like Curves and Golds Gym attempt to enter new markets through contribution establishment. For new companies battling to construct their client base alternative of taking up a franchisee of global brand is an entirely productive option(Business Franchise Australia New Zealand , 2008). End Relevant variables impactsly affect various enterprises. For wellness and magnificence industry effect of globalization is moderate however it is quickly developing with developing mindfulness among shoppers and impact of universal societies. For a beginning up to get by in this industry it is imperative to be mechanically refreshed with creative and propelled gear. Development of 24 hours exercise center is a creative thought for tapping the corporate experts, who don't discover time to go to rec center, and it likewise spares a great deal of expenses since it is mostly unstaffed. Diversifying a current worldwide Beauty or wellness chain is likewise an advantage of globalization it gives new companies with much required believability yet it requires a great deal of venture. It tends to be presumed that globalization has brought open doors just as dangers for a beginning up in wellness industry, however by creating powerful methodologies they can accomplish gigantic development in th is industry. List of sources Australian, T. W. (2017). Enumeration 2016 uncovers gigantic flood in wellness, magnificence, barista occupations while fabricating work falls 24pc. Recovered January 6, 2018, from thewest.com.au: https://thewest.com.au/business/economy/registration 2016-uncovers h

Friday, August 21, 2020

Music and Film: Jaws (1975)

A hazy dorsal balance cuts through the water. Camera-perspective on a youngster sprinkling out there. The blade lowers. The sound track wrenches up an indent: Dum-Dum †Dum †Dum †Dum †Dum..! Air pockets, white froth, brief looks at something enormous and premonition whipping in the waves. The music increments in its power: Dum-Dum-Dum-Dum-Dum-Dum-Dum..!  A red fog of blood that hazes the water. The crowd in the cinema shouts insanely. A cut off appendage glides lethargically to the sea floor underneath. The music trails off. Dun-Dun-Dun-Dun-Dun-Dun.There have just been a bunch of motion pictures delivered which contain a soundtrack that isn't just in a flash conspicuous, yet where the music additionally has such a necessary influence in the film itself. Jaws (1975) is such a film. The film effectively took advantage of a few human feelings of trepidation of the obscure and made an interpretation of these fears into a profoundly engaging movie that doesn’t patronize its crowd, nor utilizes savagery unwarrantedly to get its point across.Commented Director Steven Spielberg:â€Å"†¦I think one about the reasons I made â€Å"Jaws† was on the grounds that I feared the water before I read the Peter Benchley book, and subsequently I was the ideal possibility to coordinate this image, since I have a gigantic measure of uneasiness about the ocean. Less about pools or little lakes, yet unquestionably about the unceasing sea.I have a great deal of tension, and my principle nervousness originates from not having the option to see my feet when I’m stepping water. What's more, what’s down there with me, and who’s snacking on my toes. What's more, I realize how to communicate my dread visually. I’ve consistently been acceptable at that, and I thought when â€Å"Jaws† tagged along, well, I  already have a huge dread of the sea, and surely a dread of sharks, thus I went to [producers] Dick Zanuck and D avid Brown and chipped in myself to coordinate the adjustment from the Benchley book†¦Ã¢â‚¬   (Excerpts from Steven Spielberg Interview)Composer John Williams †while no outsider to sound tracks for TV and film (he’d effectively won an Oscar as music maker in 1971 for Fiddler on the Roof) †was simply starting to find his sweet spot on a melodic odyssey that would see his film soundtracks split the Billboard music diagrams and sells millions. Practically inconceivable for instrumental pieces, let alone for film soundtracks.Williams saw something one of a kind in the Spielberg harsh cut. He saw the film as moreâ of an undertaking and less as a customary thriller. Reviewed Williams in a conversationâ with film maker Laurent Bouzereau:  â€Å"†¦This resembles a privateer film! I think we needâ pirate music for this, in light of the fact that there’s something base about it †yet it’s likewise fun andâ entertaining†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( L indahl, pg1 )As the legend goes, Williams was seeing proposed music for the film on his piano, playing the fundamental structure for Spielberg and Bousereau and working out the now well known bars of approaching fate on his piano keys. Spielberg thought Williams was joking. â€Å"dum, dum, dum-dum, dum-dum, dum-dum†  The rest as it's been said, is history:At first I started to chuckle, and I thought, â€Å"John has an extraordinary feeling of humor!† But he wasâ â serious †that was the topic for Jaws. So heâ â played it over and over, and abruptly itâ seemed right. Now and then the best thoughts areâ â the most basic ones and John had found aâ signature for the whole score†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢ ( Lindahl, pg 1)Let it be said that the music in Jaws is viable in light of the fact that it’s not over utilized. By playing the Jaws subject just to foretell the nearness of the shark, the music is significantly more viable. A few instances of this stick out. The music played in the locations of families playing at the sea shore have a practically old neighborhood flavor to them. The music when the vessels are embarking to catch the shark have an old style feel and one scene specifically †of a kid playing in the water with a phony shark blade †has no music by any stretch of the imagination. Altogether, this complexity in melodic styles plays to the audience’s advantage. They know very soon when they do hear the jaws subject that there’s no mixing up the way that the shark is going to make an appearance.What is it about the film Jaws and its music that separates it from such a significant number of other experience and anticipation films? Strangely, before the film’s chief there wasn’t a â€Å"genre’ for this sort of film. Loathsomeness and anticipation were considered â€Å"Category B or C†.In reality, after Jaws split 100 million dollars during its North American Box Office the class of beast/creature/scalawag following its prey was immovably set up. Whose to state there’s not a tad of Jaws in each film running from Rambo to Halloween? Surely there are varieties of John Williams film score in the previously mentioned film and more.Stephen Spielberg has gone on record as saying that Jaws wouldn’t have been about as effective on the off chance that it didn’t have the music it did. Evidently put, the music works. Would some other kind of soundtrack so permanently stamp a picture on the subliminal of theâ audience? Profoundly far fetched. The at this point well known â€Å"†¦dum, dum, dum-dum, dum-dum, dum-dum†¦Ã¢ â€Å"â makes a moment visual. Yet in addition fills in as a similitude for the shark’s energy when it moves toward its prey or when it moves toward the pontoon of Robert Shaw.Critics can say what they will with respect to John Williams score for Jaws. As a â€Å"piece of music† it isn't the sort of score t hat considers tuning in while resting on the mentor for instance. It is music that invokes pictures. There are a few suites †if the term can be uninhibitedly utilized †that feature Williams adaptability as a scorer of music and as a maker who realizes how to get his crowd by the collar.When it comes to music that makes a feeling of anticipation and delirium the stacked â€Å"Shark Cage Fugue† bears tuning in to more than once. Comparative treatment is expected â€Å"The Great Shark Chase† and the almost five minutes in length â€Å"Man Against Beast†, where interpretations of the natural topic shows up and vanishes, interlaced with the topic related with the genuine shark hunting.However, Williams’ utilization of Quint’s â€Å"sailor song† as a common topic is utilized to extraordinary impact as a vehicle to check the commander's internal goals and character. He sings it when he is feeling acceptable, or when he needs to invoke his dream: â€Å"†¦Farewell and a-do to you reasonable Spanish women, goodbye and a-do to you women in Spain†¦Ã¢â‚¬   Williams interlaces this jingle at significant pieces of the film. Most remarkably when his boat â€Å"The Orca† is wallowing and prepared to sink. The shark is holding up â€Å"out there† some place and Quint is coming up short on karma. The music again †for this situation not in any case the topic †is utilized to incredible effect.On a progressively specialized note, it is difficult to examine the effect of the Jaws soundtrack on the film, without investigating how the music itself was bundled and made accessible to general society as a showcasing apparatus. Andrew Drannon gives a significant point of view on the gave soundtrack for Jaws, just as a shrewd track by track breakdown of the music on it’s most recent re-issue. Drannon makes reference to that the first Jaws score exists in three chronicles: The first LP and a 199 2 CD re-issue highlight about thirty minutes of music that Williams improved and re-recorded for the sole motivations behind the collection, and this was for quite a while the main accessible music from the image. Drannon digs further into the music, saying:â€Å"†¦Film score gatherers have been historicallyâ â very resolute in their requests for complete arrivals of soundtracks, to be specific for the scores of John Williams, which so frequently forget about features of the music and spot them into befuddling suites. To a few, this may appear to be somewhat unneeded, because of the way that the first 35-minute LP collection highlighted an incredible dominant part of the score, with a couple of the shorter signs really ventured into suites.Still, for the 25th commemoration of the film, Decca wanted to rescueâ the whole melodic work, less the collection developments for a 51-minute CD discharge. Fans will be happy because of the incorporation of just about 30 minutes of n ew material, including fabulous signals not utilized in the film, which compensate for the loss of the scandalous unique collection developments†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Andrew Drannon pg 1)The last re-issue presents the jaws soundtrack into a progressively firm listening experience.Years after the film made its introduction in theaters, after incalculable showings on TV, after a Jaws Fest even, the music ha become an organization. There have been just a bunch of movies where the music has a lot of such an effect: the James Bond establishment, Enrico Morricone with â€Å"The Good, The Bad and The Ugly, and potentially the Indiana Jones arrangement. Be that as it may, none make the blood twist, make a bunch in one’s stomach and send a chill up the spine like John Williams soundtrack for the first summer blockbuster, Jaws.References:Spielberg, Steven. Meeting extracts, Jaws 30th Anniversary Special EditionDVD direct notes, 2005Lindahl, Andreas. Scoreviews.Com. Web article. pg 1 1998Ibid . pg 1Drannon, Andrew. Decca Music Group Sound Tracks Review: Jaws 25th Anniversary Edition. Web article. pg 1. 2000

Wednesday, May 27, 2020

Natural Selection Examples

Natural Selection Examples Natural Selection Natural selection is the term that's used to refer to the natural evolution over time of a species in which only the genes that help it adapt and survive are present. This idea was reported by Charles Darwin, the researcher behind many of our modern concepts of evolution. In natural selection, a population will show genetic traits over many generations that help it remain best suited to its environment. These can be physical, structural traits like a skeleton or musculature that helps it live in that setting, or can even by physiological traits such as the presence of an enzyme in the digestive tract to help it break down the available food sources. Examples of Natural Selection: 1. Skeletal Adaptations Giraffes, lizards, and many other known species adapted to their environments through genetic changes to their skeletons. This form of natural selection meant that members of the population who didn't develop and present these skeletal changes died out. For example, giraffes developed long necks to reach food sources higher up in trees, so members of the giraffe population who didn't develop a long neck died out. At the same time, certain lizards in one region developed longer leg bones to help it climb up during periods of flood and to escape predators in the ground; shorter legged lizards of the same population died out until only the lizards with the long legs survived.. 2. Coloration Many species have been studied who've adapted to their environment through adaptions in coloring. Once the optimal coloration is present, natural selection occurs when members of the species without the adaptive coloring died out more quickly and therefore didn't reproduce as abundantly. Some example include the deer mouse, the peppered moth, and the peacock. 3. Bacteria Bacteria are a common research subject when studying evolution and adaptation because some colonies of bacteria can produce several generations in one day, letting researchers see a "fast forward" version of evolution and natural selection. Some observed bacteria have included some who've adapted to new food sources that were previously unusable, as bacteria that have adapted to the presence of deadly antibiotics and exhibited traits that let them not only survive, but reproduce to generate offspring that are also resistant to the antibiotic. 4. Physiological Different species go through changes over time that help them adapt to different environments, and humans are no different. One of the physiological changes that different groups of human beings have made involves the ability to digest cow's milk. In regions where cattle are not raised, the human population is often lactose intolerant, lacking the enzyme to break down the milk. However, in regions where cattle are grown domestically and their milk is used as a chief part of the food supply, those humans as a whole produce the enzyme needed to digest milk.

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Anorexi A Psychologically Based Eating Disorder - 1206 Words

Anorexia Anorexia is a psychologically based eating disorder in a human, when a person feels extremely insecure of his/ her physical appearance by thinking that his/ her physical appearance is not impressive or socially acceptable at all and gets obsessed involved in continuous efforts to lose weight. Their weight loosing efforts are not healthy rather are extremely unhealthy in the form of vigorous exercises, imbalanced diet plans intake and unsatisfying mistaken image of themselves towards them. Their problem is not based on the reality of being as fat as they actually are but of the amount they think they are. Their image of being fat doesn’t come from the mirror but from their own mind so it is a virtual reality. The purpose of†¦show more content†¦Because problem resolution of any kind starts from identifying the true nature of problem instead of denial, to define the challenges required to be fought to. And where there is problem, solution lies at the center of that. S o instead of deviating through denial, anorexia patients should understand that they direly need to get out of depression and anxiety and they deserve to be happy so one way or the other, they should get it out to understand they don’t need to fight their misconception of being fat, they have to fight the cause arising misconception, anarchy, disgust, anger, isolation, anxiety and deprivation in their lives. And all of these are dissociating themselves from their beautiful surroundings, attention seeking beauties of nature, their family members, their friends, their potentials and all the areas of the community that may be bettered by their exclusive roles. Main Body: In USA, 20 million females and 10 million males are anorexia patient, dissatisfied with their bodies. Moreover this trend is usually seen in youngsters from age 6 to 10, studying in schools. They first of all start feeling complex regarding their body shapes and their chubbiness. [1] Then this complex stars growing more and more unless some counseling or control is done. If kids get no help they might develop such complex further into anorexia. Normally it happens to girls that at the age of 6, they start developing their body shape and weight concerns, contrary to

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Hospital Mortality Of Stroke A Condition With An Abrupt...

The stroke is a condition with an abrupt onset of a neurological deficit that attributable to a focal vascular cause. (1) It is the third leading cause of death worldwide. (2) Lower-income countries have shown a higher relative stroke burden compared to industrialized ones. (3) Despite the significant achievement in management of acute stroke, it remains also a third cause of death in industrialized countries.(4) Over a third of stroke deaths occur in developing countries(5) In the United States,700000 stroke cases responsible for 165000 deaths each year (6). The number of people having a stroke each year in Iraq is around 24000. (7) Determining predictor of mortality at period of hospitalization could aid a clinical care by providing valuable prognostic information to patients and their family members and identify those at high risk for poor outcomes who may require more intensive recourses. Various clinical variables have been implicated in the etiology of in hospital mortality of stroke. This study is an attempt to evaluate the effect of a number of these variables and whether they could predict in hospital mortality or not. These predictors included important co- morbidities like diabetes mellitus ( DM), ischemic heart diseases(IHD) hypertension( HTN) , and role of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in first few hours after attack , history of old stroke and medications that expected to change the outcome of

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

European Union Law

Question: Discuss about the European Union Law. Answer: The law of European Union is most efficient law which has got much success in legal supranational order. Twenty Seven states with membership are transferred under European Union Law with sovereign rights. Various states and territories are functioned with the operation of the law with several arts, regulations and articles ruled as per legal regulations. In the case scenario a case has been described where the migrant is needed permission to enter the state. Klaus is from Austria and he wants to live in UK permanently as he has accepted the offer of Blank Shire University in England as a professor of European Union law so he want to stay their permanently but the country is not allowing him and his family to stay there[1]. As per case scenario Klaus, Imelda and Katira deserves free movement of person act. At this case Klaus and his family should fight for their own rights. In concept of citizenship there are some European Union laws rights[2]. These rights are described in several articles. They have some citizenship concept of freedom act as follows: Art 20 TFEU (Art 17) - Here the concept describes, from which it declares that the person by whom the nationality in holder ship can be defined as Unions citizen. National citizenship should not be replaced. Rights of conferred by treaty should be enjoyed by the citizens. Art 21 TFEU (art 18) Here it is stated that the citizen of every state have right to reside and move with territorial freeness[3]. As rights of free movement as per union law can be applied by European Law, so it can be said that whenever a citizen is in any taboo then he or she can apply some rights of EU laws. In case of Klaus as he is a PHD law teacher in European Union law so he can apply those laws in his family. As his wages are less, so he wants social assistance for support of finance in his family. However when he is rejected by not allowing such compensation then in this case he can ask court in application of Right to receive service act. This is Article 56 (Art 49). As per this act Klaus can demand social support and assistance from UK government and they cannot reject it as per law. Directive 90/364 in social assistance of sickness insurance as per public political right in basis of the European Union law should be adopted in this case. In case of his wife Imelda, as she is a trained nurse in Philippines and worked in Australia for several years but when she applied to work in NHS as a nurse in UK public hospital, the UK government did not allowed her to work there because she is not EU citizen but still she can apply her rights for Workers Article 45 TFEU (formerly art 39). The free movement act can be prospected by this article. By this article she can claim the allowance for the job. Direct [4]2004/38 is ceased in the act as per European Union law for the worker who needs work in the city. Another case is the case of their daughter Katira. When she was 15 year old she went to France for a holiday to meet her fianc, but there she got arrested in conviction of allegation drugs taking and for that she is punished that she would not be allowed to enter France. In this case she can take help from European laws but she has to prove that she is innocent and has never taken drugs. She has to appeal in court for the right of established article 49 (formerly art 43). There are many other acts which should be followed if any citizen is restricted by any social rights. Those rights are, Right of establishment article 49 (formerly art 43); right to receive service article 56 (art 49), etc[5]. The right which should be applied for the case of Imelda, free movement of workers are allowed from one country to other for work purpose as per European Union law. This right secure the workers from community problems. Discrimination in the basis of nationality of workers employment as per other countrys basis should be abolished. This is stated in this law. Justified grounds public policies are entailed in this case. Moving freely from one territory to another is stated in the act[6]. For the case of Katira, Klaus and Imelda, rights of entry and residence directive 2004/38 should be derived as basis of Article 5. The prejudicial provisions should not be followed. The Union citizen should be granted to enter any of the territory with passport and identity card which is valid. Union citizens would be allowed to enter without any entry visa. But the persons family member requires entry visa according to Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 and in directive law residence card is also needed referred to Article 10. Every type of facility should be granted by member state for applying visa. This should be followed in the case of Katira. She should be allowed to enter in France with visa which is valid but any type of criminal record or allegation with which she is accused should be anyhow tried to be proved that she is innocent and she should get one chance to enter the country for some time as per her need. But things which are needed if not fulfilled then the person would be l iable to break the European law and in that case they would not allowed to enter the country and not only that if the valid identity card, passport and visa is not founded then they would be enforceable and would be punished under law[7]. According to article 6 right to residence would be for three months if the person is union citizen and from other territory. In this case visa is not necessary but passport and valid identity card is necessary. According to Article 7 if a person wishes to live more than three months then the Government will see either the person is self employed or not who seeks to stay there for more than three months. Not only that but they will also see that the resource of the person is sufficient or not for staying there. And authorised valid visa will also be checked in the case[8]. It can be defined that the person who wants permanent residence their can leave their home country and can co to another country with valid documents as per EU law. According to Regulation 492/2011 of article 7 equality of treatment should be done both for the person of the country and migrant to the country. The social taxes and other advantages of the country should be enjoyed in similar manner[9]. As per equal treatment of Directive 2004/38 of Article 24 the migrant host members and the countrys members should be given equal rights in basis of law. The migrant worker who has come from different countries has equal trade union right as per public law of European Union. As per workers family rights regulation 492/2011 and replacing regulation 1612/68 with the directive 2004/38 or retention residence the family of the worker has right to live with him or her. As in case of Klaus, as he is a migrant worker from Austria to UK. Here his family also has right to stay with him and discrimination should not be done. Not only that but the spouse and the children would also be allowed employment in the state[10]. As per Right to Remain act in Art 12-14 of Directive 2004/38 the migrant wo0rkers can stay permanently up to their retirement. If the state legal rules have not been followed by the peoples of the country then penalty or legal consequences would have to be given if any rule is violated. Article 27, 28 and 29 gives the custodial case with penalty which has to be given by the person who breaches the law[11]. If the laws and rules not followed for the entry of the country then some criminal convictions will be followed under the article where the person would be punished as per law. Twenty Seven states with membership are transferred under European Union Law with sovereign rights[12]. Various states and territories are functioned with the operation of the law with several arts, regulations and articles ruled as per legal regulations and it is very necessary to follow the rules and regulations. The rights and duties, both should be applied by every citizen as per law. To enjoy equality rights of any country or to lead a life without problem rules and regulations as per law should be implemented by every citizen. This is the duty of every citizen[13]. As per European Union law Klause, Katira and Imelda seeks the necessity to stay in the country of UK[14]. Imelda wants to be employed in the country and Katira wants to enjoy some days in France for holiday and no one of them are allowed as per law but if they use European Union law rights then their problems can be solved. In that law of freedom act with several articles and regulations has been stated as per rule[15]. But if the three of them in the related case violate any rules then criminal offence would be suspected and as per laws they would be punished. Especially in the case of Katina she is wrongly given allegation of drug taking in France[16]. So in that case it is very necessary for her to prove that the allegation given on her is totally wrong. If she proves that, than only she would get the entry to live in France for some days otherwise she would not be entertained with such kind of help at any legal basis[17]. The assignment has described the consequences of the law and the rights of the migrant from one country to another[18]. The European Union law not only stated the rights as per measured articles but has also shown the way by which many migrants who have came for work purpose are benefitted with equality in the country after coming from another country for their need[19]. The law of European Union is most efficient law which has got much success in legal supranational order received from different countries following the strict rules and regulation for the development of country following several acts, rules, articles, regulations and several other implementations for the help of citizens in the country and from the other country.[20] References: [1] Catherine Barnard and Steve Peers,European Union Law. [2] Nigel G Foster,EU Law(Oxford University Press 2010). [4] Margot Horspool,European Union Law(Oxford University Press 2006. [5] Thomas Wilhelmsson,Perspectives Of Critical Contract Law(Dartmouth 2003). [6] Jacek Przybojewski, 'Relations Of The European Union Law With Polish Legal Order' (2015) 2 Law and Administration in Post-Soviet Europe. [7] M. Bell, 'Equality And The European Union Constitution' (2004) 33 Industrial Law Journal. [8] Alina Kaczorowska,European Union Law(Routledge-Cavendish 2009). [9] John Cooper, 'Criminal Law Would LouiseS Life Have Been Safer In The Hands Of The English Legal System?' (2012) 1998 ac. [10] Margot Horspool,European Union Law(Oxford University Press 2006). [11] Penelope Kent,European Union Law(Sweet Maxwell 2003). [12] Rochelle Goldberg Ruthchild,Equality Revolution(University of Pittsburgh Press 2010). [13] Dagmar Schiek and Anna Lawson,European Union Non-Discrimination Law And Intersectionality(Ashgate Pub 2011). [14] Josephine Steiner and others,EU Law(Oxford University Press 2006). [15] Koenraad Lenaerts and others,EU Procedural Law 2014. [16] Erica Howard, 'EU Equality Law: Three Recent Developments' (2011) 17 European Law Journal. [17] Charilaos Nikolaidis,The Right To Equality In European Human Rights Law. [18] Nigel G Foster,EU Law(Oxford University Press 2008). [19] M. Bell, 'Equality And The European Union Constitution' (2004) 33 Industrial Law Journal. [20] Rainer Baubck, 'Why European Citizenship? Normative Approaches To Supranational Union' (2007) 8 Theoretical Inquiries in Law.

Thursday, April 16, 2020

Silas Marner (Silas Marner) and Jolil (Salt on a Snakes Tail in Come to Mecca) could both be described as outsiders in society Essay Example

Silas Marner (Silas Marner) and Jolil (Salt on a Snakes Tail in Come to Mecca) could both be described as outsiders in society Paper The characters of Silas Marner and Jolil Miah are quite different in their background. They are different ages, different races and religions, and the places they are brought up in are also quite different. Silas grew up in the rural countryside, while the changes of the industrial revolution were going on (in the early nineteenth century), whereas Jolil lived in Brixton, in a rough council estate in urbanised London, in the nineteen sixties. Yet although they lived in a different day and time, their situations were somewhat similar. Their communities contrast in a number of ways, but both Silas and Jolil do not fit into these categorised societies. Silas, by the end of his lifetime, has at last been integrated into the community of Raveloe, and is accepted by the neighbours and other people in the village. But what happens to Jolil only makes him feel more of a misfit in his society than ever. Jolil, a young Muslim boy growing up in London, is torn apart between his different cultures and societies. His father, who has emigrated from Bangladesh and doesnt really know as much about the people and society in England, wants Jolil to practise his own religion and culture. However Jolil is more into Kung Fu, and hangs around with a black friend who his father doesnt approve of. He is not very well integrated with the children at school, except for maybe some of the other Asian kids. Right at the beginning of the story, it says, He usually left school gate with five or six of the other Asian boys. It wasnt planned, but it was necessary. If they walked home together, they could pass the gangs of older white boys who gathered outside the school gates without fear. Theyd take the short route home, and if they passed the cluster of hostile faces outside the white estate at the end of their street, they could quicken their steps and feel the safe warmth of being part of a crowd. We will write a custom essay sample on Silas Marner (Silas Marner) and Jolil (Salt on a Snakes Tail in Come to Mecca) could both be described as outsiders in society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Silas Marner (Silas Marner) and Jolil (Salt on a Snakes Tail in Come to Mecca) could both be described as outsiders in society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Silas Marner (Silas Marner) and Jolil (Salt on a Snakes Tail in Come to Mecca) could both be described as outsiders in society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Jolil was not the only one who hated having to watch your back all the time, feeling under threat. There was a group of them, who felt safer and confident together. It was the one thing they had in common, and walking home together was the one thing they could do to keep safe. Because it is set in the sixties, a time when many people were emigrating over from many other Asian countries, the people already in Britain at the time, had quite a negative and racist attitude towards them and the story reflects this attitude. He couldnt really practise his culture in the society, for fear and embarrassment. However, at the beginning of the book, Silas Marner, the main character, Silas, seems to get on with everybody has plenty of friends to turn to, he even has a fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, which he his hoping to marry once he has enough money, which he his slowly saving up. Everybody has trust in him, but when the deacon of the parish falls ill, it is Silas turn to look after him and this is the turning point in Silas life. While he having one of his cataleptic fits, which were not very common or heard of then, somebody creeps in to the deacons room and steals a bag of money from the bureau, the same night the deacon dies. Somebody has framed him by putting his knife near the scene, and the stolen bag of money has been planted in his cottage. All of the evidence points the crime to him, however Silas claims that he wouldnt do anything of the sort, and protests that he has never been known to tell a lie. Since its all the evidence against Silas word, it is decided to call the lots, a process which relies purely on chance. Silas realises what he could lose, his friends and family, Sarah and his dignity, but places his trust in God, who he relies on to clear his name. Only Silas and God know that he is innocent, however the lots declared that Silas was guilty. This is a great shock to Silas, especially as he had put all his faith in God to prove that he was not guilty of the crime. Suddenly after the trial, Silas recalls that he lent his knife to his best friend, William Dane. After this, Silas not only loses his trust in God, but William, who he has grown up with all his life. They have all betrayed him, even Sarah who ends up marrying William about a month after the trial and after this, Silas is sentenced to exile and dep arts from Lantern Yard shortly after the wedding. Silas moves into a stone cottage away from Lantern Yard, into another small community called Raveloe where he stays in isolation, without mixing, or fitting in the society. It is not only the fact that he is ashamed of the crime that he is supposedly meant to have committed, but that he has lost faith in god, and believes that if he makes more friends, or socializes, he may end up being hurt like he was in Raveloe. This is the deception that he has created for himself, and is not willing to ache the way he did at Lantern Yard again. If people dont know him, they cannot hurt him. It is also the village itself that affects Silas attitude. Raveloe has a completely different atmosphere to Lantern Yard. And what could be more unlike that Lantern Yard world than the world in Raveloe. The people are not as relaxed, although the farmers go to the local pub The Rainbow to socialize. The people were also much more religious, and they practised their religion in a different way that Silas knew. Mrs Winthrop is the one who finally encourages Silas to learn about the church. The other major factor contributing to Silas loneliness in Raveloe, is his epileptic condition. When his fits occur, they provoke people into gossiping, as the men do in The Rainbow. They discuss when and where he has had these strange visitations and try to give a possible explanation, but many feel that what happens to Silas cannot possibly explained, it is unnatural. Mrs Osgood is quite impressed with Silas after he produces a linen tablecloth, because he works with such speed and determination in his weaving. Silas earned a lot of money working at the loom, and much of this went to charity. He does not think of himself, but is very proud. But, soon starts to save and count up the money. He is finally holding 5 golden guineas, which he has earned after all the hard work he has done, it is the first experience he has with the joy of his money. This money would not let him down like his faith in God had. He stayed at his loom so that he could earn more of these guineas, making them the centre, the purpose of his life. This becomes Silas obsession, it was still what he lived for, what ruled his life. When he first moved to the village of Raveloe, money was not a great importance in his life. There is one incident, which rattles the whole village and their impression of Silas Marner. He has a reputation of keeping himself to himself and being a bit of a loner and forlorn. When he is told of poor Sally Oates illness, he prepares a natural remedy, which treats her better than any of the medicines the doctor gave her. This arouses superstition about Silas but it also shows his compassion for people. As more and more people hear of the great deed he did, and cured Sally Oates of her fateful illness, everyone begins to seek his knowledge of herbs and medical cures, they rush to his cottage, as they think that he must be the same sort of person as the Wise Woman, who in her description sounds much like a witch. However he wouldnt accept the money, and refused to help, denying that he had any knowledge of any drugs. In the novel, Eliot writes Silas might have made a profitable trade in charms as well as in his small list of drugs; but money on this condition was of no temptation to him. he would rather make money honestly, than deceit the people, some of whom have walked from other villages to see him. This sort of work does not appeal too him at all. However they did begin to get slightly annoyed, and resent him for not giving them what he wanted, and this heightened the repulsion between him and his neighbours, and made his isolation more complete. They start to leave him alone and not bother him, but also make him feel more uncomfortable around them by shunning him. It is partly because he was a social misfit in the village that he began to save the sovereigns that he earned, and hid them under a loose brick in the floor. For fifteen years, Silas has collected and not spent a penny on things he could do without, until he has a small fortune hidden under there. He gains comfort, contentment and even enjoyment from spilling the coins from the bag and calculate how much money he has accumulated. The night he discovers the money missing is a crucial one, he is taken aback. At fist he cannot believe that the coins have disappeared without a trace, he panics and becomes hysterical, he refuses to accept that the money isnt there. He frantically searches the house, looks everywhere, and distressed, as he does not see it anywhere. He has lost everything he had worked and is screams to release his grief. He finally has to acknowledge that the coins are nowhere too be found, they have been stolen by somebody. We know that Silas is deeply upset by this loss as he goes to The Rainbow, a place where he has never set foot the whole fifteen years he has lived in the village. This is the turning point in Silas life in Raveloe. He turns to the community for help for the first time. The people in the pub are astonished at the sight of Silas bursting through the door in a great panic about something. And everyone is in a fluster and a few accusations go on. The whole community, even the women pull together to try and help Silas recover from the shock. They do this by actually coming to visit him and try to comfort him, as do Dolly Winthrop and Mr Macy, but also by making an investigation, finding witnesses and getting suspects although without any success. At this stage, Silas is slowly getting to know the people he has been living with for the last fifteen years, and during one of the visits from Mrs Winthrop who is tender-hearted woman, encourages him to buy himself a new suit and go to the town church one Sunday. But he explains that the town where he grew up, they attended a chapel, and Dolly is not entirely sure of the meaning of the word itself. She is just surprised that Silas has never devoted himself to church. This is his next step towards mixing in the society After a while, the excitement wears off, especially as they are getting nowhere, but them is revived the night of New Years Eve, when young Eppie walks, literally in on Silas life. She sees the glowing fire in Silas cottage and walks toward it, caring for nothing else except the heat. Because Silas is having one of his epileptic fits, he doesnt notice until he recovers, but even then, all he sees is Eppies golden curls by the fire, and the illusion looks like his gold coins have turned up. The small child arrived at the cottage as mysteriously as the gold disappeared. Only when Silas reaches out to touch it does he realize that it is the head of a little girl. Silas, still not entirely clear on what is going on, first mentions his little sister. Could this be his little sister come back to him in a dream-his little sister whom he had carried about in his arms for a year before she died, when he was a small boy without shoes or stockings? through this, we know that he has been through a lot when he was only young, and the pain of his sister dying must have been tremendous. Silas has been hurt pretty much all through his life, it isnt a wonder he has no longer any faith. It is this similarity that brings Silas so close Eppie, she is only a small child and cannot let him down as other people can. Again, after discovering the body of Eppies mother, he turns to the community at the Red House for help. He is determined to keep and bring Eppie up alone, instead of giving her up to the parish. Since he now has a child in his care, the community are now beginning top automatically assimilating with him, especially Mrs Winthrop who naturally acts as a mother to Eppie. However, Silas remains very protective of Eppie, he does not want her to leave him, or be taken away from him.. I think he feels that if he relies on Dolly Winthrop too much, he may end up losing Eppie but also tries to remain independent. He is reluctant to accept the help of the neighbours in fear of this. But shell be my little un, said Marner rather hastily; shell be nobody elses I would say that he is being rather selfish and not really thinking of Eppie, after all, what Mrs Winthrop is saying in this paragraph is perfectly reasonable and justifiable, and also for Eppies benefit, and she will be the one most effected by the decisions made about her own future. It is these two people that eventually assist him into taking part in the community. Mrs Winthrop has experience of bringing up children and has valuable knowledge, which Silas should take into account and listen to. I think that Silas quite forgets that the child isnt even his own, and his behaviour is too possessive. Maybe he feels a sense of duty to look after Eppie, since she came to him in the first place. The major step Silas takes towards integration is the christening of Hephzibah in the town church. By allowing this, Silas is letting Eppie become apart of the community, and establishing her own links with society. Through Eppie, Silas gets a sense of security about himself, when given the opportunity; she chooses not to take the chance to leave his old cottage and live with her biological father Godfrey Cass, in his large comfortable mansion. Silas money is returned to him, but he does not feel the comfort as he did from it. Silas then makes the decision to take Eppie into his home village and find out if his name was ever cleared of the crime, and what became of the parson. However, after returning to Lantern Yard after tree decades, he is nervous, and anxious, as he cannot remember the way properly and feels again, like a stranger in his own home town, but soon begins to feel at ease when they have reached Prison street. But when they discover that the Lantern Yard and the chapel have been replaced, and can find no one who can tell them when and how the changes occurred. I do not think that Silas or Eppie are very disappointed, as the past has been erased, the past that caused Silas so much sorrow, although he will never know what happened about his case, only that he did not deserve to be exiled from the place. After seeing the present state of Lantern Yard, Silas must have been glad that he moved to another village, where he got so much happiness, especially in the last fifteen years. Silas has regained his faith in god, after being hurt all his life. Silas has finally found something he can be sure will not betray him in his life; he has overcome his weakness. As Eppie says, You wont be giving me away father, she had said before they went to church; youll only be taking Aaron to be a son to you. This makes Silas confident that Eppie will never leave him, and is true to her word, even though has married Aaron. He realizes that his restored faith has brought back all the things he missed, Eppie, Aaron and Dolly have bought more happiness and contentment than he could ever achieve with his money. The gold was his barrier with the society, Eppie was the link. Jolil, like Silas Marner, had a passion in his life, something that he lived for, although the two things were quite different. Jolil has a passion for Kung Fu. He idolises Bruce Lee who was the expert, the master of this art. He even compares himself with this person, and tries to find the similarities between them. As Jolil is staring into the mirror, not very oblivious of what is going on around him, he touched his cheekbones. Yes, they were somewhat like Bruce Lees. He only becomes aware when his father asks about the book he had bought home from that day. Jolil does not really try to explain to his father, just tried to hide the book. The only two people he can talk to about Kung Fu are his teacher, Mr Morrison, and Errol, his friend. But is reluctant and discomfited to practise in front of everybody else. We are not told why he trusts Mr Morrison but he doesnt want to explain to Mr Morrison why he was impatient to get home so quickly instead of waiting after school to see him about his English work. This also tells me that Jolil thinks that Mr Morrison also doesnt understand. Jolil thinks he didnt really catch on, it was another reading exercise to him when Mr Morrison gave him the book. Jolil considers his infatuation with Kung Fu to be a secret, as not many people know he is into it, but his close family may know. Jolil thinks that this secret is just another way he doesnt fit into school, or the other children in the playground. He often talks to Errol, who he is receiving training from. I also think that Jolil looks up to Errol, he speaks of Errols modesty in the playground, and Jolil has learnt a lot of tricks from Errol. Errol is African Caribbean. We can tell this from his name, and also because Jolils father refers to him as a darkie. I think that his fathers disapproval of Jolil hanging around with Errol only makes him more determined to do so. Jolil and Errol must be very close friends, because Jolil goes to visit his house on the Saturday, whereas he doesnt even mention any other friends he has. Errol is Jolils only true friend, and he can be himself around him. The reason for Jolils deep interest in this martial art is that he wants to be a hero and protect everybody. He has many dreams and ambitions for his future in Kung Fu. He is trying to discipline himself, but hasnt much confidence, he knows that he will have to be the best to become typical hero. Jolil then starts to compare himself with other Indian actors, like Rajesh Khanna, but this time; he isnt going to be a typical film star. But if he ever became famous, he wouldnt go and live in Malabar Hill like the other film stars did. Hed use his powers to do other things, to right a lot of wrongs, to be a saint of the fighting world. He wants to be admired and respected as his sister-in-law respects and admires Indian film stars. Jolil knows that it will be hard to achieve his dreams, but believes that he can do it, and is prepared to do all of the hard work. Jolil was reading the book that Mr Morrison gave him, and flicking through the pictures of Bruce Lee. The red scars on his body were supposed to be blood wounds, but they looked deliberately cut into neat patterns. He is a little sceptical, but continues to flick through the book. When he first finds out that Mr Morrison is going to show the whole school a video on the secrets of Kung Fu, he is very excited, enthusiastic and hopes to learn the secrets so that he may use them to protect himself, and others, he will never have to live in fear again, this video will teach him everything. But he is absolutely devastated when he finally sees the film. He feels let down and disappointed, as he faith in this film, the art of Kung Fu is really an illusion. It means he has to continue living the way he does; he cannot change it. It has destroyed his confidence, a nd his faith in Kung Fu. I dont think Jolil was as upset about the fact that Kung Fu was an illusion as he was about the fact, he put his trust in it in the first place, and he must have felt quite foolish. The first incident that we are directly told about in the story is when Jolil and his father are put in a situation where they are made to feel uncomfortable and awkward in their society. As they walk down the alley on the way to the mosque, the gang of white boys hanging around the parapet, begin to take advantage of the circumstances, as there is a group strong healthy youths confronting a young boy and an old man. As Jolil and Mr Miah approach the boys, the atmosphere grows tenser, and Jolil begins to regret taking this route, although it is shorter, and he also knows that they cannot run away; its too late to turn back. As the pair enter white territory, they are in a very vulnerable position. Mr Miah becomes very nervous at this point, his posture stiffens and his steps quicken. However, at first, he was fairly confident and scoffed at the thought of being felt inferior to anybody, yet now he becomes even more anxious. He realizes what is coming as well as Jolil, so their insult s and abuse begins. The boys sneer and taunt the fact that Jolil and his father are Bengali Muslims living in a mainly white area. They mock their accent and language to upset Jolil, in a threatening tone. The feeling of relief is expressed soon after, as Jolil describes the peace and serenity of the mosque, Mr Miah, in my opinion, is right in one way, that everybody should have the right to walk the streets without fear, but is merely being obstinate in his choice to take the short route than, take the longer but safer route. He is false I one sense, he puts on a fearless, self- assured act, to impress his son Jolil. It is the way he tries too bring his son up, but tries a little to hard. Jolil takes these offences more seriously, and is a lot more hurt by them. He can understand their jokes and puns properly, and the prejudice and racism involved. He has grown up with people like these, in this country, and with the children at his school, and has gradually learned to avoid and handle this. Mr Miah however has not had this experience and knowledge or understanding of the twists in the English language. To him, their rudeness is just an everyday part, which you must learn to accept, and tolerate their behaviour towards him as normal in that society. But he is also embarrassed, but refuses too swallow his pride and believe that he has been humiliated, especially since it was in front of his son. Therefore he makes excuses, you see why the Koran forbids us to drink? This is his reason for not sticking up for them. He is blaming their racist attitude on the alcohol; they dont consciously know what they were saying. A sober man would never consciously do this. On the way back, its almost as if, Mr Miah as automatically regained his confidence since he knows that he is safe and secure. He claims he would be ready to defend them both, had there been need. Jolil again makes a comment, which questions what is father is saying; his father replies, My mouth was dry boy. This again, is not a proper justification. The second event in the story is not as distressing, but equally as significant as the incident in the alley. This shows that something as simple as buying chairs, can be turned into something much more critical. There is much more stereotyping about Asians at this particular time. It is that all Asians are working class, ignorant to the British standards of living, and go for the cheapest thing available (tight) even if it isnt very good quality, and they all must have large families. The shopkeeper ridicules them, even though it isnt too obvious from when they first enter the store. Even on the way back they are confronted, because Jolils father spits onto the streets, provoking the youths however does not anticipate that the two white boys will begin to terrorize them again. After reading this, I feel that Mr Miah made a foolish move, and should have predicted that the whites would respond in this way. Although he tries to tell Jolil to escape while he can, Jolil sees the opportunity that he has been waiting for to show that he can fight like a tiger. Nevertheless, Jolil gets hurt in the attack and when one of the other youths gets injured, they see the chance to make a run for it. Leaving the chairs they rush straight back to their flat. Jolils mother and brother are quite suspicious as to why Jolil has red marks on his face and why him and his father seem nervous and why. Khalil does not accept his fathers answer, but shuts up when he uses God in hid defence, as he doesnt go against Allah. Mr Miah does not arouse much suspicion with Jolil, when he caught in the middle of the night, fiddling with the floorboards underneath the lino in the kitchen. But does warn Jolil not to let anyone find out about the incident, who immediately agrees, as he too ashamed to tell anybody since they ran away instead of facing the bullies. We later find out, that Mr Miah did stick up for them, and stabbed one of the boys, who died. It was obviously the knife, the murder weapon that he was hiding under the floor that night, and the police have already started investigating the murder when Jolil gets back from home. There is an immediate reaction of shock.

Friday, March 13, 2020

Sample Responses to a College Deferral Letter

Sample Responses to a College Deferral Letter If you applied to college through an Early Action or Early Decision option, you may find that youve been neither accepted nor rejected, but deferred. Many applicants despair when their application for early admission ends up in this frustrating limbo for it feels much like a rejection. It is not, and you can take steps to improve your chances of getting admitted with the regular admission pool. One easy step is to write the college a response to your deferral letter. Key Takeaways: Responding to a College Deferral If you have new information that could strengthen your application, share it with the admissions folks. This can include improved test scores, a new award, or a new leadership position.Be positive: reaffirm your interest in the school, and dont let your anger and frustration at being deferred darken your letter. Be careful not to suggest the admissions folks made a mistake.As with all written parts of your applications, pay careful attention to grammar, punctuation, and style. Colleges want to admit students who write well. Always remember that if the college did not think you had the qualifications necessary to be admitted, you would have been rejected, not deferred. Essentially, the school is telling you that you have what it takes to get in, but they want to compare you to the full applicant pool. You simply didnt stand out quite enough to be admitted with the early applicant pool. By writing to a college after being deferred, you have the opportunity to both reaffirm your interest in the school and present any new information that might strengthen your application. So, dont panic if you received a letter of deferral after applying to college through  early decision  or  early action. Youre still in the game.  First, read through these  7 tips on what to do if deferred. Then, if you think you have meaningful new information to share with the college that has deferred your admission, write them a letter. Sometimes you can write a simple  letter of continued interest  even if you dont have new information to share, although some schools explicitly state that such letters are not necessary, and in some cases, not welcome (admissions offices are extremely busy in the winter). Sample Letter from a Deferred Student Below is a sample letter that would be appropriate if deferred. Caitlin has a significant new honor to report to her first choice college, so she certainly should make the school aware of the update to her application. Note that her letter is polite and concise. She doesnt express her frustration or anger; she doesnt try to convince the school that theyve made a mistake; instead, she reaffirms her interest in the school, presents the new information, and thanks the admissions officer. Dear Mr. Carlos, I am writing to inform you of an addition to my  University of Georgia  application. Although my admission for Early Action has been deferred, I am still very interested in UGA and would very much like to be admitted, and therefore I wish to keep you up to date on my activities and achievements. Earlier this month I participated in the Siemens Competition in Math, Science and Technology in New York City. My high school team was awarded a $10,000 scholarship for our research on graph theory. The judges consisted of a panel of scientists and mathematicians led by former astronaut Dr. Thomas Jones; the awards were presented at a ceremony on Dec. 7. Over two thousand students entered this competition, and I was extremely honored to be recognized alongside the other winners. More information on this competition can be found through the Siemens Foundation web site: siemens-foundation.org/en/. Thank you for your continued consideration of my application. Sincerely, Caitlin Anystudent Discussion of Caitlin's Letter Caitlins letter is simple and to the point. Given how busy the admissions office will be between December and March, short is important. It would reflect poor judgment if she were to write a lengthy letter to present a single piece of information. That said, Caitlin could strengthen her letter slightly with a few tweaks to her opening paragraph. Currently she states that she is still very interested in UGA and would very much like to be admitted. Since she applied Early Action, we can assume that UGA was among Caitlins top choice schools. If so, she should state this. Also, it doesnt hurt to briefly state why UGA is a top choice school. As an example, her opening paragraph could state something like this: Although my admission for Early Action has been deferred, UGA remains my top-choice university. I love the energy and spirit of the campus, and I was truly impressed by my visit to a sociology class last spring. I am writing to keep you up to date on my activities and achievements. A Second Sample Letter Dear Mr. Birney, Last week I learned that my application for early decision at Johns Hopkins was deferred. As you can imagine, this news was disappointing to me- Johns Hopkins remains the university Im most excited about attending. I visited a lot of schools during my college search, and  Johns Hopkinss program in International Studies appeared to be a perfect match for my interests and aspirations, and I loved the energy of the Homewood Campus. I want to thank you and your colleagues for the time you put into considering my application. After I applied for early decision, I received a couple more pieces of information that I hope will strengthen my application. First, I retook the SAT in November and my combined score went from 1330 to 1470. The College Board will be sending you an official score report soon. Also, I was recently elected to be the Captain of our school Ski Team, a group of 28 students who compete in regional competitions. As Captain, I will have a central role in the teams scheduling, publicity and fund raising. I have asked the teams coach to send you a supplemental letter of recommendation that will address my role within the Ski Team. Many thanks for your consideration, Laura Anystudent Discussion of Laura's Letter Laura has good reason to write to Johns Hopkins University. The 110 point improvement on her SAT scores is significant. If you look at this  graph of GPA-SAT-ACT data for admission to Hopkins, youll see that Lauras original 1330 was on the lower end of the accepted student range. Her new score of 1470 is nicely in the middle of the range. Lauras election as Captain of Ski Team may not be a game-changer on the admissions front, but it does show more evidence of her leadership skills. Especially if her application was originally light on leadership experiences, this new position will be significant. Finally, Lauras decision to have a supplemental  letter of recommendation  sent to Hopkins is a good choice, particularly if her coach can speak to abilities that Lauras other recommenders did not. Don't Make the Mistakes in This Letter The letter below illustrates what you should not do. Brian asks to have his application reconsidered, but he does not present any significant new information for reconsidering the decision. The increase in his GPA from a 3.3 to a 3.35 is fairly trivial. His newspaper has been nominated for an award, but it has not won the award. Moreover, Brian writes as if he has been rejected, not deferred. The university will look at his application again with the regular pool of applicants. The biggest problem  with the letter below, however, is that Brian comes across as a whiner, an egotist, and an ungenerous person. He clearly thinks very highly of himself, placing himself above his friend and making much ado about a modest 3.3 GPA. Does Brian really sound like the type of person the admissions officers will want to invite to join their campus community? To make matters worse, the third paragraph in Brians letter essentially accuses the admissions officers of making a mistake in admitting his friend and deferring him. The goal of Brians letter is to strengthen his chances of getting into college, but questioning the competence of the admissions folks works counter to that goal. To Whom It May Concern: I am writing in regards to my deferral for admission to Syracuse University for the fall semester. I received a letter earlier this week informing me that my admission had been deferred. I would like to urge you to reconsider me for admission. As you know from my previously submitted admissions materials, I am a very strong student with an outstanding academic record. Since I submitted my high school transcript in November, I have received another set of mid-year grades, and my GPA has gone up from a 3.3 to 3.35. In addition, the school newspaper, of which I am assistant editor, has been nominated for a regional award. Frankly, I am somewhat concerned about the status of my admission. I have a friend at a nearby high school who has been admitted to Syracuse through early admissions, yet I know that he has a somewhat lower GPA than mine and has not been involved in as many  extracurricular activities. Although he is a good student, and I certainly do not hold anything against him, I am confused about why he would be admitted while I have not been. Frankly, I think that I am a far stronger applicant. I would very much appreciate it if you could take another look at my application, and reconsider my admissions status. I believe I am an excellent student  and would have much to contribute to your university. Sincerely, Brian Anystudent A Final Word on Responding to a Deferral As with any communication with a college, youll want to pay careful attention tone, grammar, punctuation, and style. A sloppily-written letter is going to work against you, not strengthen your application. Finally, keep in mind that writing a letter when deferred is optional, and at many schools it wont improve your chances of being admitted. You should definitely write if you have compelling new information to present (dont write if your SAT score went up just 10 points- you dont want to look like youre grasping). And if the college doesnt say not to write a letter of continued interest, it can be worthwhile to do so.

Tuesday, February 25, 2020

Discussion Question 2 Week 1 Supply and Demand Assignment

Discussion Question 2 Week 1 Supply and Demand - Assignment Example Discuss two ways or reasons in which business organizations may utilize the information on determinants of demand and supply in their economic decision making. The factor that influenced supply and demand for iPhone 6 included the determinants of demand: price of substitute goods, the price of complementary goods, income, preferences or tastes, and the number of buyers (ECO550 Week 1 Scenario Script: Models of Supply and Demand, and Non-Price Determinants of Each, 2014). Likewise, the determinants of supply include the price of the iPhone 6 as well as the quantities of units produced (initially pegged at 10 million). The reasons in which business organizations, like Apple, utilize information on determinants of demand and supply in their economic decision making are: to achieve the targeted profits and to plan for future growth (McGuigan, Moyer, & Harris, 2014). With targeted profits being achieved, the organization could plan on venturing into other profitable endeavors which would be consistent with their mission and vision, as well as the overall goals of the firm. Etherington, D. (2014, September 22). Apple Sells 10 Million iPhone 6 And 6 Plus Devices During Launch Weekend. Retrieved October 8, 2014, from Tech Crunch:

Sunday, February 9, 2020

Investigating Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Investigating Disease - Essay Example This global resurgence of TB, according to Volmink and Murphy (2005) can be attributed to, " neglect of tuberculosis control programmes, HIV infection and immigration from high-prevalence countries" (p. 321). In 1993, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared TB a global emergency. It was the scientist Robert Koch who isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a species of bacteria as the causal factor. The disease may be latent or active. In the former stage individuals are infected with the bacterium, but the immune system fights off the bacteria, preventing the manifestation of symptoms. Here the individual is usually not contagious. In the active stage, individuals show symptoms and are contagious. A deficient immune system exacerbates the condition; therefore organs besides the lungs are susceptible to infection. According to Heinsohn (2004), "Extrapulmonary TB may affect any organ or tissue but is much less common than pulmonary TB" (p. 7). Pulmonary tuberculosis is contagious with increased risk of infection. With the discovery of streptomycin by Selman Waksman, antibiotics have repeatedly proved their efficacy in the treatment of TB. However the US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment warns that "When a patient takes TB medication erratically or when an inadequate combination of drugs is prescribed, active, infectious TB can recur in a form resistant to one or more of the drugs used in the original treatment" (The Continuing Challenge of Tuberculosis, 1993,p. 6). Thus Multidrug- Resistant tuberculosis poses a threat in controlling and preventing the spread of the disease. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary, genetic disorder that results in the secretion of abnormally thick mucous that damages organs, leading to respiratory and digestive problems that ultimately cause death. While primarily associated with the lungs, this disease also attacks the pancreas, small intestine, and all glands where cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) plays a vital role in efficient functioning. Thus Kolbe (2005), calls it " a multisystem disease affecting children and increasingly so, adults" (p. 361). It is an incurable and fatal disorder. Branscomb (1994) found that, "In spite of treatment, most patients die during infancy or childhood. Rarely, patients survive past the age of 20" (p. 318). However with improved diagnosis and treatment measures, more patients are surviving to reach adulthood. Tuberculosis and cystic fibrosis are usually seen as diseases of the lungs or pulmonary disorders, as it is here that they do the most damage. But both have debilitating effects on other organs as well. TB is a contagious disease as inhaling infectious particles can transmit it. Contact with infectious droplets may occur via coughing, sneezing or laughing. Preventive strategies play an important role in curbing the disease. Meanwhile CF is a genetic disorder that is brought about by defective genes. Therefore treatment is difficult as these disorders are very complex and scientists and researchers have a long way to go in cracking the genetic code, pertaining to these disorders. Both diseases call for early diagnosis and treatment to stem the damage that is sure to result otherwise. Counselling for the individual and family is imperative in both cases, as it helps people come to terms with the devastating impact of the disease while promoting social

Thursday, January 30, 2020

The Legalization of Prostitution Essay Example for Free

The Legalization of Prostitution Essay Prostitution may undoubtedly be one of the oldest professions in history. From the time of the Romans, to the Aztecs hitherto, ancient civilizations from both the east and the west had the act of prostitution as part of their society. Some of these civilizations have even taken concrete measures to either abolish or accept prostitution within their system. The ancient Greeks, for example, had a form of regulation policy or law for prostitutes. They treated prostitution as a credible profession, they were subject to the paying of taxes and were even requested to wear distinct clothings so as to be easily distinguished and classified as such. The Roman Catholic Church, during the Middle Ages, even allowed (tolerated) prostitution despite its moral nature and moral laws. They argued that by allowing prostitution, greater crimes against the Church – such as sodomy, rape and masturbation – can be prevented. A man of the Church during that time even went as far as declaring that the expulsion of prostitution will only give rise to the lustful nature of human beings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Looking back through history, it is interesting to note that present societies have changed drastically with regards to their view of prostitution. And this shift in logical thinking can either be considered a major advancement in human moral society or a considerable denial to historical and natural norms and/or an open resistance to societal acceptance. As such, where should one stand on this issue? I, for one, greatly supports the latter. Indeed, I believe that prostitution should be accepted and be made legal in every open society. True, that societies at present have achieved a tremendous amount of success pertaining to moral law and human rights. However, societies must also put into consideration the fact that prostitution, as history may suggest, is a part of human nature. In other words, no matter how regarded as a scourge the act of prostitution is and no matter how much condemnation every government or institution may impose upon it, it – the act of prostitution – will always be there. Societies can never prevent the act of prostitution from occurring in the same way that human beings can never prevent the occurrence of bad weather – its just there.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As such, I believe that instead of combating such a natural force – of which, almost always proved to be a negatively implausible act – why not offer acceptance to the norm – of which, is more a positively frugal act    and then provide the necessary safety nets for its entrance?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Indeed, the acceptance (or legalization) of prostitution denotes that proper measures will be taken in addressing the issue, not as a problem, but as a legitimate business. Governments must always understand that disobedience to the law is the result of strict impositions of the law. In other words, in order for governments to obtain the cooperation of these elements (of prostitution), they should should provide these elements with compensation and/or compromise instead of vying for their utter destruction – which is, to some extent, ultimately impossible. Government cooperation on the matter (in other words, legalization) could result into proper regulation of laws and services that will stand as a form protection for both legitimate prostitutes and their respective clients (I am using the word legitimate in order to refer to actual prostitutes that were not either forced or trafficked into the profession and the word respective in order to refer to the actual clients that do pay for the services they received and do not, under any circumstances, commit acts of violence against prostitutes). With the full legalization of prostitution comes a new set of laws that will determine the proper guidelines for the conduct of the profession. By doing so, proper health care, disease regulation, protection laws for mistreated parties (prostitute and the client) and other such programs and policies (as will be protected and advanced by the Rule of Law) will be established in order to administer the ever-growing business. Furthermore, other protections such as anti-trafficking laws, underage/minor laws prohibiting the acts, violence against women and others will be improved or amended so as to accommodate the introduction of the former laws established for the concept of legalized prostitution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Seeing these benefits to possibly come to life, one may still question, whether or not, moral law and human rights will be compromised in the process. The answer, of course, is a resounding yes. However, one must also understand that moral laws and human rights are only a product of the rational of human intellect. This means that moral laws and human rights are not natural or inherent and are only applicable to those persons that testify or practice them. Prostitutes (legitimate) are aware of the fact that what they are doing are a clear violation of moral laws and human rights. Still, they refuse to stop. Why? Because they choose not to uphold these laws and principles. Their rationalization comes from concept of free-will and freedom to exercise ones own body at his or her own discretion. As such, a rational force such as that of morality and humanism can never affect them – simply because they choose not be affected. Truly, awareness, acceptance and professing the laws of morality and humanism are one of the few steps for the credibility and plausibility of the latter principles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Like it or not, prostitution is already a part of our society and our lives. We cannot abolish it; we can only either openly accept it or blindly deny it. And ultimate denial of the norm, as history may suggest, can only lead to anarchy. Works Cited: Bovard, James. â€Å"The Legalization of Prostitution.† September 1998 Freedom Daily 20    November 2007 http://www.fff.org/freedom/0998d.asp Poulin, Richard. â€Å"The Legalization of Prostitution and its impact on trafficking in  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   women and children.† February 2005 Sociologue 20 November 2007   Ã‚   http://sisyphe.org/article.php3?id_article=1596 Raymond, Janice. â€Å"10 Reasons for Not Legalizing Prostitution.† March 2003   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vancouver Rape Relief Womens Shelter 20 November 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.rapereliefshelter.bc.ca/issues/prostitution_legalizing.html

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

Fiction vs. Non-fiction Boundaries Essay -- Books Literature fiction T

Fiction vs. Non-fiction Boundaries Blurring the boundaries between Fiction and Non-Fiction has always been a great way for authors to make their points, yield their arguments, and to keep interest. Some may even be inclined to believe that there is not a definite boundary between the areas of fiction and non-fiction. Fiction is often used throughout non-fiction writings as more of a point of view than a character in itself. This voice is not exactly a character in the text, but it still exercises an attitude toward the material to help control the writing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Lola,† by Truman Capote is a great instance where these boundaries are so well mixed, that it becomes hard to tell the difference where one starts and another begins. This story is about a bird named Lola, and the main character. At first, Capote doesn’t like the bird and in fact despises it. However, towards the middle and towards the end of the story, he beings to care for the bird and treat it as a pet. This story does not state very many facts like one would expect throughout a non-fiction account, but rather tells a story like in fiction writing. By doing this, the reader would actually never suspect that the story was in fact non-fiction without being told so. It is a first person account of the events that unfold throughout the story. Capote does a fantastic job of revealing these events and holding the readers attention instead of boring the reader with the strict description, times, and dates such as one would find some non-fiction wri tings. He incorporates humor into the story to help with the excitement of these events. â€Å"The Kerry decided Lola was the latter. He tapped her with his paw. He chased her into a corner. She fought back, pecked his snout; her cawing were coarse and violent as the harshest cures words. It frightened the bulldog;†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This sentence revels some of the intermingling of fiction and non-fiction that Capote utilizes within the account. He is actually giving human characteristics to these animals where the dog â€Å"decides† and the bird begins to â€Å"swear†. Capote does not actually know what these animals are thinking so this is a perfect example of fiction controlling the tempo throughout a non-fiction writing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The structure of â€Å"Lola† relates strongly to the structure of a fiction story. It includes an introduction, middle, climax, and ending. Similar to ficti... ...ases. The reader does not know if Danny Deever is a real person or just some made up fictional character. The poem actually describes Danny and his death to the reader. â€Å"For they’re done with Danny Deever, you can hear the quickstep play. The regiment’s in column, and they’re marching us away.† These Sentences show how the poem rhymes and yet confuses the reader in the fiction or non-fiction account of the poem. The reader does never really discover what the poem is and this is the exact reason why the author made it this way. To keep the reader guessing and to hold the attention.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blurring these boundaries between Fiction and Non-Fiction has always been a great way for authors to make their points, yield their arguments, and to keep interest. If authors did not utilize this particular technique, most non-fiction accounts would become boring and uninteresting to a reader who did not want to learn about the particular. It is completely acceptable as long as the readers are told of the fictional aspect of the work. This is not one of the easiest techniques to use but if written correctly, creating a fictional account cannot be considered anything but excellent writing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

Homi Jehangir Essay

Homi Jehangir Bhabha, FRS (30 October 1909 – 24 January 1966) was an Indian nuclear physicist who played a major role in the development of the Indian atomic energy program and is considered to be the father of India’s nuclear program. Bhabha was born into a prominent family, through which he was related to Dinshaw Maneckji Petit, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Homi K Bhabha and Dorab Tata. After receiving his early education at Bombay schools and at the Royal Institute of Science, he attended Caius College ofCambridge University to pursue studies in mechanical engineering. After taking mechanical engineering, he pursued studies underPaul Dirac to complete the Mathematics Tripos. Meanwhile, he worked at the Cavendish Laboratory while working towards his doctorate in theoretical physics under R. H. Fowler. During this time, he embarked on groundbreaking research into the absorption of cosmic rays and electron shower production. Afterward, he published a string of widely-accepted papers on his theories regarding cosmic ray showers. World War II broke out in September 1939 while Bhabha was vacationing in India. He chose to remain in India until the war ended. In the meantime, he accepted a position at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, headed by Nobel laureate C. V. Raman. He established the Cosmic Ray Research Unit at the institute, and began to work on the theory of the movement of point particles. In 1945, he established the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Bombay, and the Atomic Energy Commission of India three Electron-positron scattering was later named Bhabha scattering, in honor of his contributions in the field.In 1936, Bhabha collaborated with Walter Heitler to formulate a theory on cosmic ray showers. They conjectured that the showers were formed by the cascade production of gamma rays and positive and negative electron pairs. The calculations agreed with the experimental observations of cosmic ray showers made by Bruno Rossi and Pierre Victor Auger a few years before. Bhabha later concluded that observations of the properties of such particles would lead to the straightforward experimental verification of Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity. In 1937, Bhabha was awarded the Senior Studentship of the 1851 Exhibition, which helped him continue his work at Cambridge until the outbreak of World War II in 1939. In 1939, Bhabha went back to India for a brief holiday. In September, World War II broke out, and Bhabha decided not to return to England for the time being. He accepted an offer to serve as the Reader in the Physics Department of the Indian Institute of Science, then headed by renowned physicist C. V. Raman. He received a special research grant from the Sir Dorab Tata Trust, which he used to establish the Cosmic Ray Research Unit at the institute He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on 20 March 1941. With the help of J. R. D. Tata, he established the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Bombay. With the end of the World War II and Indian Independence, he received a commendation from Jawaharlal Nehru for his efforts towards peaceful development of atomic energy. He established the Atomic Energy Commission of India in 1948. Homi J. Bhabha was also a close friend of Jawaharlal Nehru and he, along with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, had played a significant role for developing the Indian nuclear program as well as education reforms in India. Bhaba founded and directed two major scientific institutions – the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) and the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)of India[1]. He represented India in International Atomic Energy Forums, and as President of the United Nations Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, in Geneva, Switzerland in 1955. Death and legacy He died when Air India Flight 101 crashed near Mont Blanc in January 24, 1966. Many possible theories have been advanced for the aircrash, including a conspiracy theory in which CIA is involved in order to paralyze Indian nuclear weapon programme. The atomic energy centre in Trombay was renamed as Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in his honour. In addition to being a famous scientist, Bhabha was also a painter and a classical music and opera enthusiast, besides being an amateur botanist. After his death, the Atomic Energy Establishment was renamed as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in his honour. Bhabha also encouraged research in electronics, space science,radio astronomy and microbiology. The famed radio telescope at Ooty, India was his initiative, and it became a reality in 1970. Bhabha has since become known as the â€Å"Father of India’s Atomic Energy Programme†. The Homi Bhabha Fellowship Council has been giving the Homi Bhabha Fellowships since 1967 Other noted institutions in his name are the Homi Bhabha National Institute, an Indian deemed university and the Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education, Mumbai, India. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was an Indian nationalist leader who established his country’s freedom through a nonviolent revolution. His beliefs are shown in today’s society as an excellent means of resistance to unjust rule. The life of the Mahatma was a long struggle filled with brutality and hardships. In order to understand passive resistance, we will take a look at his hate-filled upbringing. Gandhi was born in Porbandar in the present state of Gujarat on October 2, 1869, and educated in law at University College, London. In 1891, after having been admitted to the British bar, Gandhi returned to India and attempted to establish a law practice in Bombay, with little success. Two years later an Indian firm with interests in South Africaretained him as legal adviser in its office in Durban. Arriving in Durban, Gandhi found himself treated as a member of an inferior race. He was appalled at the widespread denial of civil liberties and political rights to Indian immigrants to South Africa. He threw himself into the struggle for elementary rights for Indians (Gandhi, Arun). Gandhi was disgusted with the way his people were treated. This paper will discuss his religious and spiritual point of view and the environment which c When Mohandas Gandhi returned to India from South Africa, he saw the British ruling India. The British brought some benefits to India but many costs to the Indian people, such as economic. When the British persuaded farmers to switch from growing crops to growing cotton, there was not enough food for the country and millions of people died from lack of food. The increasing taxes and lack of food made many Indians suffer on account of the B ritish. The Eleven Vows of Mahatma Gandhi-Their Observance and Relevance Kurangi Desai Any of us who has attended a prayer meeting at a Gandhian institute is likely to remember a chant beginning:-â€Å"Ahimsa Satya Asteya –.† The two verses beginning with these words enumerate the eleven vows that Gandhiji considered almost mandatory for the inmates of his Ashram, in Sabarmati as well as in Sevagram. The eleven vows are: (1) Satya-Truth, (2) Ahimsa-Nonviolence, (3) Brahmacharya-Celibacy (4) Asteya-Non-stealing, (5) Aparigraha or Asangraha-Non-possession (6) Sharira-Shrama; Physicallabour or Bread Labour. (7) Asvada-Control of Palate, (8) Abhaya-Fearlessness, (9) Sarva-Dharma-Samanatva- Equal respect for all Religions, (10) Swadeshi-Duty towards Neighbour and (11) Asprishyatanivarana – Removal of Untouchability. Of these eleven, the first five are found in most of the religions of the world and are called ‘Pancha Mahavratas’ – the Five great Vows. The remaining six are somewhat new ideas that have been given the importance of vows to fulfill the need of the time. The image of Gandhiji in the minds of his contemporary Indians was that of a political leader – of one who brought Swarajya. Essentially, however, Gandhi was a Sadhaka, one who was in search of God. His ultimate goal was Moksha or the realization of God. Since he believed that service of man was the best way to realize God, he lived and died in the service of India, which in a mircrocosm, was the service of Mankind. That was his pilgrimage towards realization. In this context, the eleven were very important to him. They were a part of ‘Tapa’ Austerity and Self – denial for Purification. Tapa is considered necessary in all religions for elevating oneself spiritually, for control over desires, as a check upon an unruly mind and for paving the way to sacrifice for others – all these leading to Moksha. But Gandhiji was a ‘Sadhaka’ with a difference; his ‘Sadhana’ did not end with himself. He wanted to include society in his spiritual efforts and so he gave a new dimension to the Five Great Vows and extended them into the remaining six. Let us have a closer look at these vows and their observance: 1. Satya -Truth Truth is the most important vow, being the very basis of all the others. The word ‘Satya’ is from ‘Sat’, which means ‘Being’. On ‘Sat’ depends true knowledge, known in Sanskrit as ‘Chit’ and Bliss that is ‘Ananda’. The three together form the word ‘Sachhidananda’ which is one of the epithets of the Supreme Being. According to Gandhiji, Truth is God. Satya, therefore, was the pivot of the life of an Ashramite. Observance of Truth was expected not only in speech but also in thought and in action. One may wonder what one should do if what appears to be truth to one person does not appear to be truth to another. Gandhiji suggests that after due deliberation and humble consideration of the opinion of the other person, if one still feels his own truth to be truth for himself, he should follow it according to his own light. In order to be convinced about one’s ability to understand truth, one s hould use as the measuring rod those who have suffered for Truth and should himself be ready to suffer similarly. 2. Ahimsa – Non-Violence Truth and Non-Violence are like the two sides of a coin – one cannot exist without the other. Using another imagery, Ahimsa is the path along which one reaches truth. Violence leads to more violence and hampers the clear vision which is essential for the pursuit of Truth. At a personal level; Ahimsa consists in not only forbearing from physical violence; in order to achieve non-violence it is necessary to remove from the mind all hatred, all jealousy and all desire to harm even those who harm us. The next step would be to extend our love to all living beings, including living beings like snakes, tigers, etc. At a social level, the goal of Ahimsa is to create a society where there would be no need to act in an anti-social manner and hence no need for any punishment. This can happen only when the economic differences between the classes get considerably narrowed down and when the erring members of society are considered as their own brothers by the righteous. Top 3. Brahmacharya- Celibacy or Chastity Brahmacharya normally connotes a rigid control over sexual urge. An unmarried man who shuns sex is called a Brahmachari. According to Gandhiji, however, this is a very narrow meaning of the word. ‘Brahmacharya’ really means ‘Moving towards, Brahma’ that is, towards truth. For such a person, a control over all senses is necessary. So also, it is necessary to keep himself away from attachment to social connections. In achieving this end, control of sex is perhaps most helpful, because sex is one of the strongest temptations to cause one to stray from the narrow path of truth. Again marital relations are the cause of the strongest social bond, that of the family. Hence the importance attached to the control of sex, which became synonymous with Brahmacharya. Control of sex, can also help the Sadhaka to gain control over his other senses. Gandhiji believed that a celibate life was most congenial for the pilgrim to truth. However, married couples could also tread that path by subtracting sex from their marital life. Such a step would free them from undue attachment for each other and free them for service of mankind. It is obvious that Brahmacharya, like truth and Non-violence, should be adhered to not only at the physical level, but also at the level of thought. To harbour a passion in the mind, while practicing physical control of the senses is not really Brahmacharya. On one point, however, Gandhiji differed radically from the orthodox believers in Brahmacharya – he did not believe that a Brahmachari should shun the company of women. He wanted the Brahmachari of his Ashram to live a life of service to society; so it was inevitable that he would come into contact with women social workers. In Gandhiji’s opinion a Brahmachari should keep his public contact with women workers and learn to look upon them as sisters and mothers. If someone could adhere to Brahmacharya only when there were no women around, according to Gandhiji, he was not a real Brahmachari. While laying all this stress on Brahmacharya, Gandhiji was not unmindful of the difficulty experienced by the Ashramites in its day to day observance.. We are told by persons near to Gandhiji that he was completely aware that a number of the Ashramites were only partially successful in their attempts at Brahmacharya. Since Gandhiji himself never claimed complete success, he was satisfied that the Ashramites sincerely tried their best. 4. Asteya – Non Stealing In an ordinary sense, very few people actually steal anything from others, partly because of the social stigma attached to stealing. Gandhiji, however, gave a far wider connotation to stealing. According to him those members of the family who help them-selves to better facilities depriving the other members, are thieves. Even those who enjoy luxuries not available to the lower strata of society are also thieves. So, a person who wishes to apply Asteya in his life ought to lead such a simple life that he takes for himself from society only his minimum requirements. In the Ashram, one aspect of Asteya, namely avoiding waste, was strictly observed. Nothing was to be wasted-food, water, clothes or even paper. As a matter of fact, Gandhiji would reply to a letter in the blank half; he used to open addressed envelopes on all sides, gum them up inside out and use them again; the idea was something more than mere frugality – he wanted to use as little of the people’s money as p ossible for his own purpose and thus be as little indebted to society as possible. It was on this principle that he did not allow Kasturba the personal use of the gifts she received in South Africa for his public service. 5. Aparigraha – Non-Possession Aparigraha is almost a corollary of Asteya. In order to follow the dictum of non-thieving one must have as few pos-sessions as possible. For Gandhiji, Non-possession was also a proof of one’s faith in God. He used to quote instances of devotees who did not believe in keeping back a little food even for the next meal. Aparigraha also helped one in slowly giving up the attachment towards wordly possessions, an essential condition of a seeker of truth, which every Ashramite was expected to be. And yet Gandhiji realized that giving up possessions was no easy matter. So, for non – Ashramite she propounded the ideal of trusteeship. Possessions, particularly in the form of business assets or land, could not be given up without complications. So he suggested that businessmen and landlords should consider themselves not owners but trustees of their property. A trustee is expected to use the income of the trust solely to the advantage of the beneficiaries. In the case of wealthy people the beneficiaries are all the employees and underlings connected with the wealth. So, all income from the business or the land should be shared-with the employees or tillers of the land. The owner turned trustee should avail himself of the bare minimum, thus narrowing the economic gap between himself and his dependants. The concept of trusteeship can be called a, slightly diluted social extension of both Asteya and Aparigraha. These, then, are the interpretations of Panch Maha Vratas. Let us now turn to the other six vows, which project the social application of these five. Top 6. Sharirashtrama – Physical Labour or Bread Labour Gandhiji got the idea of Bread labour from Tolstoy. The idea is that everyone must put in some physical labour to earn his daily bread. An intellectual or an artist or a person with any other ability should utilize that ability for the service of society, while bread should be earned through physical labour alone. Economic differences in society can be mitigated in this way. Even those professions essential to society-those of a teacher, a doctor, a pleader-the wages of the professional should not be more than those of a physical labourer. Gandhiji modified this idea into the concept of shrama-yagna. He suggested that even those who earned their livelihood through other professions should devote at least one hour every day to some kind of physical labour performed in the spirit of oneness with the poor. At the time when Gandhiji presented this concept to India, cheap foreign cloth was being dumped in the country by the British rulers to the detriment of our indigenous industry. So, Gandhiji revived the art of spinning and decided that spinning the Charkha should be the symbol of Shrama-yagna. The Ashramites were expected to spin for an hour every day without fail. This exercise was called Sutrayagna. Over and above this, he made it a rule that all domestic chores should be performed by the Ashramites themselves, including a reformed method of scavenging – the last out of respect for the ‘Bhangi’, whom he later called ‘Harijan’, the lowest of the low in the Hindu caste system. 7. Asvada – Control of Palate Palate being one of the senses, its control is obviously a part of Sadhana of the pilgrim to Truth. Gandhiji gave it a special place as a separate vow because he believed that control of the palate was inevitable for Brahmacharya that observance of Brahmacharya became easier if taste was conquered. Besides, conquest of taste was helpful in the conquest of other senses too. The most important condition of Asvadawas the conviction that food is meant only to sustain the body for service of others. So, to indulge the taste by a variety of culinary delicacies was against the spirit of Asvada. This vow was adhered to rather rigidly in the Ashram. The food in the common kitchen was as simple as possible, without any condiments, some times even without salt. Individual families who cooked at home did not always develop Asvada to the extent desirable. All the same most of these families had their own rules regarding simple diet more or less in keeping with the concept of Asvada. 8. Abhaya – Fearlessness Psychologists tell us that fear is a natural reflex in all living beings on par with hunger, sleep and the sexual urge. How then can one vow, â€Å"I shall not experience fear† ? And yet fearlessness is the backbone of most other virtues. Gandhiji appreciated the importance of fearlessness partly because he used to be a timid child, full of all kinds of fears. Later on he consciously trained himself into fearlessness. The Gita places Abhaya at the head of divine attributes. Many poet-devotees sing the praises of fearlessness in spiritual life. Fears are innumerable. All of us are afraid of disease, injury, death; of loss of wealth, loss of prestige, loss of loved ones; of displeasing our dear ones, of displeasing the boss, of displeasing society and so on. Some people can get rid of some of these fears, others struggle to conquer other fears. In order to realise truth, it is necessary to remove all fear, which is hardly possible. A Sadhaka should, therefore, endeavour to rid himself or herself of as many kinds of fears as possible. The fear of God, which in other words means the fear of wrong doing, is one fear which no one should give up. This fear keeps us on guard against further growth of unwholesome traits of the mind and perhaps helps us in going beyond ordinary fears. Top 9. Sarva-Dharma-Samanatva- Equal Respect for all Religions This is a very important vow in a multi-religious country like India. One has a natural respect for one’s own religion, and rightly so. But that respect need not lead one into disrespect for other religions. All religions help their adherents to proceed towards an ideal life. All religions have had devotees who realised God in their own way. And yet no religion is perfect. Quest of truth being the moving spirit behind all religions, they are always subject to a process of evolution and re-interpretation. So one should never consider one’s own religion to be the only perfect religion. On this ground, Gandhiji was against conversion unless it was desired by some one through conviction. All should study first one’s own religion and then as many others as possible and appreciate the good points of all of them. In the daily prayers of the Ashram, there were chantings from the Koran, the Buddhist prayer, the Bible and so on. In South Africa a bhajan was being sung which said â€Å"Dear to me is the name of Rama.† A Parsi friend once suggested, â€Å"Why don’t we sing ‘Dear to me is the name of Hormuzd?† The congregation took up the idea. That was the spirit generated by Gandhiji’s ideal of Sarva-Dharma-Samabhava. 10. Swadeshi – Duty Towards the Neighbour As early as 1909 Gandhiji had found that India was filled with items of every day use imported from England. This was one of the main causes of the impoverishment of the country. Then again, it was necessary to induce Indians to be proud of their country. In order to achieve this, Gandhiji after returning to India in 1915,researchedon Khadi, reestablished the forgotten Charkha and unfolded his theory of Swadeshi, for the rejuvenation of Indian economy and Indian self-respect†¦ But then, Gandhiji was never satisfied with only the economic or political aspect of ideas. He gave Swadeshi a deeper significance based on an ancient ideal which says that one’s first duty was not one’s neighbours. Fulfilled in the spirit of love, that duty was not to at variance with one’s duty to mends further away either. It was in this light that Gandhiji said that the Swadeshi movement was not harmful to the British mill hand, as it saved him from exploitation of his Indian brethren. This spirit of love made the labourer in Manchester his mend when Gandhiji went there even though Gandhiji was instrumental in bringing about unemployment of the British textile labourer. 11. Asprishyata – Navaran- Removal of Untouchability This vow meant that Ashramites would mix as freely with so called untouchables as with all other people. This was, perhaps the vow most difficult to be practiced. Among the Ashramites themselves all were not free from the age-old Hindu belief that a person born in certain castes pollutes others by his touch. For Gandhiji ever since his twelfth year the ideal that any human being was inferior to another was not palatable. He always resisted the very basis of untouchability. He called it a cancer of Hindu Society. He had already started practicing the removal of untouchability while in South Africa. Then, soon after he returned to India he accepted an untouchable family in the Ashram. Several of the inmates, including Kasturba were quite upset at this step; the financial aid that the Ashram was receiving all but stopped. Gandhiji, however did not flinch from his decision. The resentment soon died down and sympathetic friends solved the financial problem as well. Later on Gandhiji gave the name ‘Harijan’ to the untouchables and gave a great deal of his time to their amelioration. So these were how the eleven vows were observed in Gandhiji’s Ashram. They were quite well known in his lifetime. Even non-Ashramites studied them and tried to follow some of them to some extent. People ask us: â€Å"Are Gandhiji’s vows relevant today?† My husband once asked a counter question: ‘Is a lamp relevant in darkness?† The eleven vows cover such a vast canvas of life that one cannot say enough about their relevance today and tomorrow. In ending this resume we hope that these spiritual lamps would shed enough light on the paths of the people of India, nay on the paths of the people of the world to enable them to make this poor troubled Earth a better place to live in.